The word “gambling” refers to the staking of something of value, including money, on an event with a uncertain outcome that may be determined by chance or accident. Historically, gambling referred to activities such as horse races or lotteries, but now it can also include video games and online gaming, in which players can place bets with virtual currency. It is estimated that $10 trillion is legally wagered each year around the world.

While the majority of people who gamble do so without a problem, a subset develops pathological gambling, which is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as an irresistible urge to gamble despite adverse consequences. Understanding why this happens may help clinicians identify patients at risk and guide treatment.

In addition to a lack of impulse control, research has found that certain individuals have biological predispositions to thrill-seeking behaviour and impulsivity. This may be linked to an underactive brain reward system or differences in how the brain processes information, controls impulses and weighs risk.

For anyone who has a problem with gambling, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the problem. This includes starting with a fixed amount of money that you are willing to lose, setting financial goals, staying away from gambling venues and finding other recreational activities or hobbies to fill the void. Talking to a therapist is another way to get support. BetterHelp can match you with a therapist who can help you with depression, anxiety and relationships, as well as gambling problems.